Chaucer’s Pardoner’s tale Analysis on lines 520 through to 602

Chaucer's portrayal of regular day to day existence exhibits the joke, or even dismissal for generosity, trustworthiness and different excellencies that balance the wrongdoings inclined to human mistake and judgment. With irreverence being displayed straightforwardly in the public eye, this shows times of reproach and alert in the congregation, even man's confidence in God's decision. The undertone of the concentrate given is just the simplicity of wrongdoing and how great men can without trouble be fixed by snapshots of shortcoming and nonsense. He shape the inward considerations and wants of his characters personally, summing up their temperament as opposed to their developments and conclusions. The velocity of pace translates the sections as the tone fortifies the ethical suggestions. His resentment appears on the other side, especially from lines 531 to 540 bringing about the featuring of Chaucer's fundamental disappointment, †avoidable mischievousness †whereby they lose themselves and all that they hold dear. The transgressions that cause the most harm to man are pride, anger and greedy. These wrongdoings, alongside others, lessen spirits and at last the possibility of unceasing life and bliss in paradise. The account is in the main individual, accepted to be Chaucer's own voice and how he sees individuals who transparently sin. Chaucer's moralistic convictions are being featured through the indication of the pardoner's character's activities. The pardoner is by all accounts the manikin illustrating the depression of offenses gone astray. â€Å"Now lat us sitte and drynke, and make us merie, And subsequently we wol his body berie. † The congregation was a position of recovery in those occasions, individuals went to the adherents of God as their ethical compass however the pardoner straightforwardly parades his absence of direction and even his absence of blame for his activities. He recognizes that great doing is compensated at long last yet then is the last one to gain from his own words. Incongruity is overflowing in the pardoner's story as the youngsters all promised to one another that they would secure and care for one another as siblings however the incongruity is that they have scarcely quite recently sworn the vow when it is self-destructing after the main obstacle. â€Å"That oon of sew spak hence unto that oother, Thou woost wel, that oure felawe is agon, And heere is gold, and that ful welcome plentee, That shal withdrew been among us thre. Be that as it may, nathelees, in the event that I kan shape it so it left were among us two,† The incongruity of their being informed that they would discover passing on the off chance that they went the ‘crooked way' by the elderly person likewise shows their conduct being that of an ethically warped individual. At the point when the agitators all discover the cash, they all draw parcels for who will proceed to discover food and drink, and who will take care of the cash. At long last the most youthful goes to the town and solicitations rodent toxic substance to dispose of vermin. This proposes he accepts his ‘brothers' to be good vermin, which is amusing in light of the fact that he is as of now plotting a similar wrongdoing as them. In each area of the section there is a particular articulation of communication between the two siblings and the third with the proprietor of the ‘pothecarie'. In the two scenes they are discussing passing yet in various terms. The siblings are persuading each other that murdering the third is suitable, in the mean time the third sibling has just persuaded himself that the others must go as is presently disclosing to the proprietor that he needs to purchase poison and even alludes to the siblings as vermin that trouble him. This unexpected abandoning one siblings promise to the others as holding onto them as blood, to plotting and showcasing their downfall. In the two situations the connection to reliability and tolerability has adjusted to integrate them to satisfy the old keeps an eye on guarantee of discovering demise. The pace is strong and rhyme ceaseless as it keeps the inflexibility of piercing blows and references to death. The dreariness in referencing demise keeps it new and waiting in the frontal area of the story. The story voice transforms from character to character, communicating their perspectives and assessments till the aggregate end with the siblings lying expired. The section gathers to frame this symbolism of shadows stroking their resting place, somewhere down in the forested areas, covered up to outside man with nobody to think about their injuries. References like â€Å"Arys, just as thou woldest with hym pleye, And I shal ryve hym thurgh the sydes tweye, Whil that thou strogelest with hym as in game, And with thy daggere looke thou do the same;† invokes man wrestling forever, ancient society to discover pioneers, treachery and dull tones. Each word strips the men of their blamelessness according to the peruser, losing compassion and regard as Chaucer had expected. The principle explanation behind Chaucer to respond so intensely about ravenousness is on the grounds that it is an entry approach to sin, frequently provoking another wicked activity. Sins are firmly connected to each other, so one circumstance can without much of a stretch raise rapidly, prompting other more noteworthy sins. â€Å"Ther is no man that lyveth under the trone Of God, that sholde lyve so murye as I. What's more, atte laste the feend, oure foe, Putte in his idea that he sholde poyson beye,† The seven savage sins are pride, begrudge, outrage, sloth, intemperance, voracity, and salacity. Geoffrey Chaucer's artful culmination, The Canterbury Tales, gives a superb tale about the savage sins. Concentrating principally on the wrongdoings of pride, voracity and insatiability, the characters found in The Canterbury Tales, especially The Pardoner's Tale, are so overpowered by their natural wants and desire that they neglect to see the impacts of their wicked activities, subsequently denying themselves of salvation. With the outline of the story finding some conclusion, God's picture is misshaped by their indecent activities, with intoxication being the underlying beginning to the destructive seven indecencies. This conveys the first of human failings, sin, consequently establishing the pace of blame, demonstrating the audience the requirement for regret. Chaucer arrives at this with the opening to the considered entry ‘To gete a glotoun deyntee allot and drynke! Of this matiere, o paul, wel kanstow trete †Mete unto wombe, and wombe eek unto dispense, Shal God destroyen bothe, as paulus seith. Demonstrating the beverage as a backup to sin, greedy reminds every person that wrongdoings all lead to one another as they invoke related individual excruciating encounters. These raised close by the counteracted ethics invigorates incredible to salvation. Chaucer shows himself as the storyteller, or man's still, small voice, as he embodies the voice of rationale and reason, thus directs the peruser to the inescapable end. Voracity is characterized as the over-extravagance of food and drink. The pardoner said that ravenousness was the wrongdoing that ruined the world. The principal type of avarices is intoxication. ‘o dronke manb, distorted is thy face, harsh is thy breeth, foul artow to grasp, and thurgh thy dronke nose semeth the soun as if however sedest as sampsoun, sampsoun! Intoxication is evil since man loses his capacity to reason. The three men were blameworthy of voracity when they over enjoyed wine at the bar that in the long run prompted swearing, salacity and the craving to hurt each other, even unto passing. The pardoner asserted that intoxication assumed a major job when Lot submitted interbreeding with two of his little girls. Intoxication impacted Herod's choice when he requested John the Baptist guillotined. With ravenousness unconsciously being the entry sin submitted, these two models lead both to interbreeding, assault and murder. The pardoner, nonetheless, didn't try to do he said others should do. He was unable to continue with his exemplum until he had something more to drink! The most youthful sibling is the one that the greater part of the point of convergence for fiendishness can be focused upon on the grounds that he is distant from everyone else in his feelings to kill. The other two have each other to persuade each other on, and infer grave lamentable ends yet the most youthful has set out, being told by the proprietor â€Å"This poysoun is so solid and rough. This reviled man hath in his hond yhent†, implying that he realizes they will endure, feel the torment and have them realize it was him that had taken their lives for his egotistical addition, yet at the same time â€Å"To sleen sew bothe, and nevere to repente†. Lines 531 to 535 shows Chaucer's finished stun and nauseate, interfacing liquor with indiscrimination and phony icons, which prompts being degenerate adversaries of Christ . ‘I seye it now wepyng, with pitous voys that they been enemys of cristes croys, of whiche the ende is deeth, wombe is hir god! O wombe! o bely! stynkyng cod, Fulfilled of dong and of corrupcioun! The transgression of desire is presented in this refrain as the men favor the fulfillments of the substance instead of the virtue of their spirits, indicating that they have profoundly dismissed paradise and Christ. Lines 542 to 550 portrays the avarices of their characters as painted by Chaucer's story, ‘The Mary, for they rank noght awey that may go thurgh the golet softe and swoote. Of spicerie of leef, and bark, and roote shal been his sauce ymaked by delit, to make hym yet a more current craving. Be that as it may, certes, he that haunteth swiche delices is deed, whil that he lyveth in tho indecencies. An obscene thyng is wyn, and dronkenesse is ful of stryvyng and of wrecchednesse. ‘ The stanza depicts the men as egotistical; the good depicts their characters as abandoning centered to sloth from the time they discover the cash. Each man accepts he ought to have the cash thus their pride and avarice hinder their judgment, prompting fierceness. The sections keep their evenness in subject, musicality and dim connotations. Each man set out on an alternate way yet each in view of a comparative objective. Some plot together, â€Å"Thou knowest wel thou craftsmanship my sworen sibling; Thy benefit wol I telle thee anon. † others persuade themselves â€Å"O lorde,† quod he, â€Å"if so were that I myghte, Have al this tresor to my-self allone,† however totally reach a similar resolution. The equalization of good aim, to degenerate from corrupt additions shadows the story that was told by a m

Features of a Successful Brand

Highlights of a Successful Brand The word brand is gotten from the Old Norse brandr, which means to consume. It alludes to the act of makers consuming their imprint (or brand) onto their items. A brand is the personality of a particular item, administration, or business. A brand can take numerous structures, including a name, sign, image, shading blend or trademark. A brand speaks to a lot increasingly impalpable parts of an item or administration: an assortment of emotions and discernments about quality, picture, way of life and status. It makes in the brain of clients and possibilities the recognition that there is no item or administration available that is very similar to yours. So, a brand offers the client an assurance and afterward conveys on it. A lawfully secured brand name is known as a trademark. The word brand has kept on developing to include character it influences the character of an item, organization or administration. For a fruitful brand there are parcel numerous activity that are as per the following: As a matter of first importance you should think about the market that are you are going to target additionally a reasonable thought regarding which target section you are looking at. Individuals for the most part feel that making a brand is simply having a logo, slogan, and business card; youve finished your marking. In any case, except if youve deliberately considered and characterized ALL five of the key brand components position, guarantee, character attributes, story, and affiliations you despite everything have work to do. What's more, until youve penetrated your image into each degree of your association and fabricated the order of consistency into each conduct, activity, or correspondence both inside and remotely you are not yet on the way to an effective brand technique. Five Key Brand Elements Brand Position: Positioning is the craft of making a brand that can convince and sensibly show its significance to a clients every day life to turn into their ordinary decision. The Brand Position is the piece of the brand that portrays what your association does and for whom, what your interesting worth is and how a client profits by functioning with you or your item/administration, and what key separation you have from your opposition. Situating isn't made by the advertiser or the individual brand itself, however by how others see it. Advertisers dont make the situating; rather, they make the key and strategic proposals to urge the client to acknowledge a specific situating in their psyche. For example, bread and milk are not marked things, and in spite of organizations push to attempt to mark the two items, no organization has discovered a lot of achievement building brand value. At the point when clients need both of those staple things, they for the most part pick what is at a b argain or what is accessible on their nearby food merchants racks. Brew and cola, then again, are vigorously marked item classes: Consumers have framed a relationship with and will look out their favored brands. To situate your contribution appropriately, you have to recognize the key qualities or advantages that speak to the estimation of your item or administration. That will, thusly, make trust in your image. As you comprehend the relationship that your clients have with your image, you will have the option to all the more effectively address their issues, needs and wants through your image. Brand Promise: The Brand Promise is the absolute most significant thing that the association vows to convey to its clients inevitably. To think of your image guarantee, think about what clients, workers, and accomplices ought to anticipate from each connection with you. Each business choice ought to be weighed against this guarantee to be certain that an) it completely mirrors the guarantee, or b) at any rate it doesn't repudiate the guarantee. Advantages should be upheld with a powerful motivation to accept the items publicity. Ordinarily, items or administrations have some equation or patent that is extraordinary from the various brands out there. For what reason do we trust Pantene cleanser, for example? Since we have confidence in the brands progressive Pro-V recipe that leaves hairs solid and sound. For what reason do we trust Secret antiperspirant will keep ladies smelling sweet? Since its pH adjusted for a lady, and not a man. Ask yourself: What guarantees would you say you are making about your image? Could my items or administrations finish on those guarantees? Brand Personality: Brands that convey with them a genuine persona, and the convictions and encounters like a character make a brand ascend to another level. All things considered, its hard not to like somebody with a decent character. In issues of marking, a character assists with acculturating an in any case lifeless thing or administration so a possibilities resistances are brought down. An appealing brand character can pre-sell the possibility before the buy, strengthen the buy choice, and help fashion an enthusiastic connection that ties the purchaser to the brand for a considerable length of time to come. In such cases, you are all the more ready to disregard blemishes and quest for qualities. A brands character can offer the absolute most significant motivation behind why one brand will be picked over another, especially when there are not many item or administration includes that are distinctive between contending brands. The character gives the buyer something to identify wit h that can be more clear than the apparent situating of the brand. Albeit a solid recognizable character isn't basic, it can make it simpler for clients and prospects the same to comprehend what the advertiser brings to the table. Much progressively significant, a brand with an unmistakable character presents the future purchaser with something the individual in question can identify with as an individual, a useful essential for achievement in an undeniably individual-driven commercial center. Character is normally appeared in three different ways. Supplier driven Provider-driven pictures are well known with administrations in light of the fact that there is a more prominent need to manufacture certainty between the supplier and merchant since there is normally an impalpable item on the table. Brands that lean intensely on the supplier picture incorporate insurance agencies and budgetary establishments. Prudentials The Rock and Allstates Youre in great hands, show that the brand is reliable and their brands mirror a similar mentality. Picture of the client Other brands like to show that the individuals who utilize the brands are individuals that you could be companions with, identify with, or need to resemble. Numerous organizations with marked items designed for Generation X and Y utilize this strategy. Be that as it may, these ages are additionally wary of advertisers and are distinctly mindful of when a brand is focusing on them. Picture of the item or administration As bizarre as it might sound; bundled items frequently take on a character that buyers can identify with. Regardless of whether through a mascot or an enlivened puppet, items spring up to give customers something beyond a brand to trust, yet in addition a face. For example, the Pillsbury Doughboys snicker strengthens that the item will cause your family to feel great. Brand Story: The Brand Story represents the associations history, alongside how the history adds worth and validity to the brand. It additionally for the most part incorporates an outline of your items or administrations. The story and significance of your image is its generally important and imperative resource. Incredible brands enormous or little have a story that passes on both a really esteemed quality and a disposition which in mix separates them. You can once in a while make up an incredible brand story, its generally as of now there. Our job is to reveal that story for you, breath life into it and afterward incorporate it all through your business. Most brands today dont have the monetary muscle to purchase mindfulness or piece of the pie and work in fields where buyers are no longer observers. Rather they are constituents that pose progressively harder inquiries of brands. This makes it basic to guarantee that brands not just embody a business or items one of a kind story yet additionally fill in as hard as conceivable at each touch point. Brand Story has an abundance of experience picked up from working with blue chip top 100 organization brands to total new companies and were similarly agreeable and spurred in the two situations. Brand Associations: Brand Associations are the particular physical ancient rarities that make up the brand. This is your name, logo, hues, slogans, text styles, symbolism, and so on. Your image affiliations must mirror your image guarantee, the entirety of your image attributes, and bolster your image situating articulation. Brand Associations are not benefits, yet are pictures and images related with a brand or a brand advantage. For instance The Nike Swoosh, Nokia sound, Film Stars similarly as with Lux, signature tune Ting-ting-ta-ding with Britannia, Blue shading with Pepsi, and so on. Affiliations are not motivations to-purchase yet give colleague and separation that is not replicable. It is relating seen characteristics of a brand to a known substance. For example Hyatt Hotel is related with extravagance and solace; BMW is related with modernity, fun driving, and unrivaled building. Most well known brand affiliations are with the proprietors of brand, for example, Bill Gates an d Microsoft, Reliance and Dhirubhai Ambani. Brand affiliations are shaped on the accompanying premise: Clients contact with the association and its representatives; Notices; Verbal exposure; Cost at which the brand is sold; Big name/large substance affiliation; Nature of the item; Items and plans offered by contenders; Item class/classification to which the brand has a place; POP ( Point of procurement) shows; and so forth One Mantra Once youve created and characterized a pertinent brand, you should start constructing the brand with representatives, clients, possibilities, accomplices, and so on through predictable execution. Redundancy is the way in to the accomplishment of the marking procedure. Presently in the wake of working up of your image you should look at these three things at standard interim of time and that is your worker, clients benefits that you are advertising. Since working up of any brand your worker assume a fundamental job. Nobody, including your emp

How to Write a Definition Essay (Plus Topics You Can Use and a Sample Essay)

How to Write a Definition Essay (Plus Topics You Can Use and a Sample Essay) Beginning an academic program can be an overwhelming prospect, particularly if you are uncomfortable with writing academic essays. Most programs will require multiple writing assignments on a weekly basis, with different types of essays being assigned based on the class content and professors preferences. Youll need to be able to research a topic, create an essay outline based on that research, and write the essay using your research and outline as your guides.Some essay assignments are a lot easier than others and the definition essay is one such type. A definition essay is exactly what it sounds like it should be: An essay you write to provide your reader with the definition of a word. However, its more in-depth than simply writing a dictionary definition. Youll need to be able to put the definition in your own words, as well as provide examples of how that word is used in various contexts. Youll also need to be able to discuss the connotation and denotation of the word, which are terms we will clarify below.So, lets look over some common questions academic writers have about a definition essay and clarify them.A definition essay goes beyond simply stating a words dictionary definition. Photo by Romain Vignes on UnsplashWhat is the typical length of a definition essay?Since the purpose of a definition essay is generally limited to defining one word, the length of the essay should be around 1 to 2 pages, if double-spaced. Within these paragraphs, you will cover various aspects of the definition, including how the word can be interpreted in multiple contexts and some examples of the word in a sentence.What is included in a definition essay?Although a definition essay is meant to define a word, you cant just copy the dictionary definition and be done with it. For a definition essay, youll need to use your own words to define the term, including its connotation and denotation. Putting the definition in your own words makes your definition essay more interesting t o your reader, who could just look the word up in the dictionary if all theyre interested in is a dictionary definition.Dictionaries also dont include multiple examples of the word used in context, so adding this element to your definition essay makes it more interested for your reader, allowing them to learn something they might not otherwise learn.What is the difference between connotation and denotation?Obviously, in order to include these within your definition essay, you need to understand the difference between the two. Below, we cover the definitions of connotation and denotation, as well as offer some examples of how this terminology applies to vocabulary words.ConnotationAccording to Merriam-Webster (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/connotation), the connotation of a word is:1a. something suggested or implied by a word or thing; 1b. the suggesting of a meaning by a word apart from the thing it explicitly names or describesDenotationAccording to Merriam-Webster, th e denotation of a word is:1a. A direct specific meaning as distinct from an implied or associated ideaConnotation vs. denotationSo, when looking at the difference between the two, you have to consider how the English language contains words that have both a literal and implied meaning. For example, when we look at the word home, we can consider its literal definition (or denotation), which is a building that is someones (or a familys) living space.However, when we consider its metaphorical meaning, we think of home as a place of security and comfort, such as this place feels like home. In this sense, we are using the words connotation instead of its denotation, or literal meaning.How should I outline my definition essay?Even though your definition essay will be around a page or two, at most, in length, youll still need to follow a typical essay outline when writing it. A typical essay outline includes the introduction, three body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Thus, your definition e ssay outline might look something like this:IntroductionMention the purpose of the essay (which is to define the term)A thesis statement that covers both the connotation and denotation of the term (in your own words)Body para 1The origin of the term and other etymological information the reader might find interestingBody para 2The denotation of the term (in your own words)Offer examplesBody para 3The connotation of the term (in your own words)Offer examplesConclusionA brief restatement of the definition of the termAdditional information about the term your reader would find interestingWhat are some possible definition essay topics?If youre given the opportunity to determine your own topic for the definition essay assignment, its a good idea to pick a term that you are familiar with, can define in your own words, and can discuss at length. Here are some ideas:How do you define world peace?What is your definition of family?What does the word ego mean to you?What is social media and ho w is it best defined?Define nanotechnologyWhat is depression?What is your definition of a hero?How would you define a successful career?What is a team player and how would you define one?Define Capitalism and what it means to you.Sample definition essayBelow is a sample definition essay for the word love. Since many terms have several possible definitions and connotations, for a more interesting definition essay, try to choose a word that is not easily defined.Sample EssayThe word love is used in various contexts and can mean different things to different people. There are also different types of love that are referred to in Ancient Greek writing that span everything from unconditional love to obsessive love. This essay will take a look at the meaning of the wordâ€"both its denotation and connotationâ€"and explore some examples of how the word might be used in context.With Germanic origins, the word love comes from the Old English lufu. The root is a mix of Indo-European words, incl uding the Sanskrit word lubhyati, which means desires, the Latin word libet, which means it is pleasing, and the Latin word libido, which means desire.Merriam-Webster online offers several definitions of the word. Love can be a strong affection for another person based on familial or sexual ties. It can also be an attachment or devotion to an object or person. Thus, the denotation of the word love is an extreme affection or attachment to another based on shared history, family connection, or intimacy. In this sense, one might say: I love my wife and want whats best for her.The word love could hold various connotations for someone, depending on their experience with the emotion. For some, love might be a goal in a relationship or a feeling that is intensely intimate and important. For others, love could be something to avoid to keep from getting hurt or opening ones self up to potential betrayal. Beyond these associations, the word love can also be used when referring to an object or activity that one values or enjoys. For example, I love going on walks by the beach or I love the architecture on this building are ways the word love could be used in a sentence to show an affinity for an activity or object.The Ancient Greeks believed that there were different types of love and labeled them based on the various emotions that one might feel toward another. For them, love was divided into: Agape (unconditional love), Eros (romantic love), Philia (affectionate love), Philautia (self-love), Storge (familiar love), Pragma (enduring love), Ludus (playful love), and Mania (obsessive love).Ultimately, the word love can mean different things depending on context and the speakers association with the word. While its most common definition refers to a close tie and intimacy with another person, it can also be used in reference to an affinity for an object or activity. In this situation, its often used as synonymous with the words like or enjoy instead of referring to a close , intimate connection or feeling for another person.

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility April Duhon DeVry University The United States has several laws that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices. Do you think that such laws are effective? If so, why? If not, why not? The effectiveness of the laws that the United States have that are intended to further fair, balanced, and competitive business practices depends on how ethical a business is. Below I will explain why I do not believe these laws are effective due to the way ethical businesses follow the law and unethical businesses do not follow the law. In response to the growth of monopolies that threatened to destroy competition in the marketplace Congress passed the Sherman†¦show more content†¦I believe we need to provide more rewards since people seem to respond more in favor of these. Some companies provide this within their businesses to encourage ethical behavior. According to our book, â€Å"Companies with strong ethical practices create cultures that reward good behavior—and don’t intentionally or unintentionally reward bad behavior.† (Bovee, 2013, p.72) This may prove to be more beneficial and will give a business an incentive to want to do good instead of downgraded punishments for doing wrong. References SALINGER, LAWRENCE M. (2004). Encyclopedia of White-Collar Corporate Crime, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Clayton Antitrust Act, 2014, http://www.britannica.com.proxy.devry.edu/EBchecked/topic/120766/Clayton-Antitrust-Act Sherman Antitrust Act, 2014, http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/540115/Sherman-Antitrust-Act Firestone wins Liberian child labor case in US, 2013, http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/13/ozatp-firestone-childlabor-idAFJOE76C02L20110713 Bovee, C. L., Thill, J. V. (2013). 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Vigilantism During the California Gold Rush Essay

Vigilantism is the black eye on the history of the American frontier. During the 19th century due to a lack of trust, competence, or unreliable law enforcement, the settlers on the frontiers took it upon themselves to provide security and safety for their newly progressing cities. Life in the developing American west was difficult and created many problems for everyone involved. Texas’ history is riddled with skirmishes, wars, and feuds that called upon the local civilians to turn to vigilantism. So to, Arizona and New Mexico, while struggling to gain their statehood, saw instances of civilian uprisings to quell local violence. Of course, however, neither Texas nor the American Southwest saw the hotbed of violence and destruction that†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"At the time of the discovery, the population of California totaled around 15,000, excluding native Indians. By the end of 1849, after the international gold rush had been under way for nearly six months, the total population had passed 90,000. By 1852, it had reached well over 220,000.† Between the time periods of 1848-1852, â€Å"as many as 25,000 Mexicans migrated to the mining regions of California.† During this same span, over 2,000 African Americans had made their way into California, and by 1855 â€Å"as many as 50,000 Chinese sought wealth in California.† In addition, Chilean and French comprised two more large groups of immigrants, with estimates of 20,000 French by 1851 and somewhere between 5,000 and 8,000 Chilean by 1850. Moreover, it was not only the privileged, wealthy individuals who were the ones moving in search of gold; on the contrary, it was people from all avenues and walks of life. Individuals with nothing to lose and those with everything to lose boarded wagon trains, ships, and boats and headed for San Francisco. The California Gold Rush turned hardworking, sensible individuals into crazed, strike it rich enthusiasts. â€Å"People of al l classes had departed for the diggings, including school teachers, mechanics, physicians, lawyers, tailors, clergymen, laborers, merchants, teamsters, cooks, gamblers, the first and second alcaldes, the sheriff,Show MoreRelatedLife In the Wild West1520 Words   |  6 Pagesand west of the Mississippi river. This time period lasted for about thirty years, and during this time there were a variety of people that roamed around the towns such as outlaws, lawmen, Native Americans, townspeople, and cowboys. Out in the Wild West the towns were small but, for the size of them, they were called home for many people. The Wild West started near the time if the California Gold Rush and it lasted to nearly the end of the century. The Wild West came into existence because

How Was Sparta Governed Free Essays

How was Sparta governed? The Spartan Government Ancient Spartan government was a complex system of intertwined elements, which affected the power control. In many ways, ancient Sparta was a communist state, with the lack of luxuries, other Grecian states enjoyed and the strict control for equality but was complicated with the almost religious need for a democratic vote. Sparta had three levels of government; the Kings’, the Gerousia, the Ephors and the Ekklesia, each having their own requirements, limitations and powers. We will write a custom essay sample on How Was Sparta Governed or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Spartan monarchy consisted of 2 kings which governed over Sparta. Unlike other Grecian kings, Spartan Kings had very little power and did not have an autocratic rule over day-to-day life. A Spartan kings’ duties were classified as religious, military, judicial roles. As the head figure of religion in Sparta, the kings were the priests of Zeus, Lacedaemonis and Zeus Uranius. The kings’ family would also worship these gods. As a monthly ritual, the kings were expected to make an animal sacrifice to the god Apollo, as to maintain the pleasure of the gods. This was similar to the sacrifice he would make prior to going to war. As a part of his religious role, the king would appoint two Pythioi who would travel back and forth to consult with the oracle (a possessed priestess whom was said to speak the words of the Gods) at Delphi. During a time of war, only one king would be sent with the battalions, and would be the supreme commander of the army. In the field of battle, the king would have ultimate power over his troops, including the life or death of his army. During the course of the war, the king would have a personal bodyguard of 100 men. Being a part of the royal bodyguard was considered to be one of the greatest honours. Amongst this body guard, 2 members of the Ephor’s would be in attendance, and keep an eye on his activities. They would record any failure or misconduct during a military campaign and could lead to the recall of the army, or punishment of the king. As stated above, the Kings’ power was strictly limited, which is seen in his judicial role. The king was responsible for all matters pertaining to public highways (e. g. the repairs, conflicts, etc). He was responsible for all legal matters in regards to the adoption of children and the power to decide upon the marriage partner of an heiress whose father died. Despite the extremities of limits the kings’ faced he had privileges which were considered as a ‘luxury’ in terms of Spartan society, such as the kings’ being supported at the expense of the state. They would also receive minor honours such as the best seats at religious festivals. During mealtimes, the kings were given the first seats at a banquet and were served first at the Syssitia. During the Syssition the kings would also receive double portions of a meal. Another privilege of the kings, following a successful war campaign, the king (who went to war) would be given a percentage of the spoils of victory. The kings could also receive the skins of any animal that had been sacrificed in a religious ceremony. At the event of a king’s death, all public business would be ceased for a 10 day period, where civilians would wear mourning clothing. During his funeral, the king’s reign would be lauded as being greater than any other previous king. Herodotus describes the role of the kings in The Histories in Book VI (6) as â€Å"The prerogatives of the Spartan kings are these: two priesthoods, of Zeus Lakedaemon†¦ and the power of declaring war on whom they please†. The kings’ role in governing Sparta was more of figure of status, that maintaining any real power outside the battlefields of war. Following the Kings’ power, were the Gerousia. The Gerousia was a group of 28 members (a total of 30, with addition of the kings’). The requirements to join the Gerousia was to be a man sixty years or older, and considered to be too old for warfare. Aristotle describes the Gerousia as â€Å"it might be debated whether they should be continued judges for life and so determine matters of the greatest importance, since the mind has its old age as well as the body†. Being a member of this particular government was considered to be prestigious and ensured the high status of the Spartiate as the position carried on until the death of the individual. The Gerousia was a body whose position it was to prepare and debate bills, which were then passed on to the lower levels of government. Their other main function was to be the head court of justice, and would decide upon treasonous crimes by the citizens. Unlike the kings’ powers having limitations, the Gerousia’s only main limitation was that although it was the court of Justice, it was the Ephors who were the Supreme court of Appeal. From this, the Gerousia is deemed a powerful level of government. The Ephors were next in power, below the Gerousia, but considered one of the most powerful bodies of government. The Ephors were a body of 5 men aged 30 and above who had full Spartiate citizenship. These men were supposedly representatives for every village in Sparta. The roles of the Ephors were monitoring the kings’, interactions with the Ekklesia, controlled the education and the Krypteia. As a part of the Ephors, or Ephorate, the citizen had an enormous power over the king. As such, they could monitor the king in his own home, 2 members would join a king should warfare occur and bring could bring him to an account, should he fail to have a successful war campaign. During a time of war, it was also the responsibility of the Ephors to organise the mobilisation of the army. A failure could lead him to defend himself in front of a court of Gerousia and Ephorate members, whose role it was to be the deciders of a king’s fate if prosecuted for wrong-doing. The Ephors were also the supreme court and supreme court of appeal in Sparta, allowing them significant power over the Spartiates, Inferiors and Helots. In As an Ephor, a Spartiate held much control over the laws in which Sparta was governed. They could introduce legislation, which, without the permission of the Ephors, foreign envoys could not enter into Sparta. They could also create laws for foreign policies and control when meetings of the Ekklesia and Gerousia took place. They would oversee and preside over the meetings, introduce legislation and check on the numerous magistrates in Sparta. Ephorates had the power to control the Krypteia, a secret police for Spartiate boys aged 19 – 24 whose objective was to hunt and kill Helots. The Ephors also had the power to allocate Helots to Spartiate families, who would work domestic jobs for them as serfs. The Ephors also controlled the run the Agoge, or Spartan education system. This was a complex system where boys were sent out at the age of 7 until approximately 20 to learn to be warriors. Similar to the Gerousia, the Ephors had limitations to their powers. This included that their time in office was a single year and after that single term, they could not become an Ephor again. After their term in office, the Spartiate would revert to a citizen and it was said that if an Ephor behaved badly during his time in office, he could be trialled for his misdoings. Aristotle provides information on the Ephors stating; â€Å"†¦ he Ephorate†¦ has supreme authority in the most important matters†, which adds to the belief that the Ephors being a key part in government and the running of Sparta. The Ekklesia or as referred to in older books as the Apella, was the assembly of the Spartiate males, who were involved in Spartan politics. Any Spartiate male over the age of 30 who had retained his citizenship was eligible to sit in the assembly. The Ekklesia had the power for legislations, elections, warfare, kingships and Helots. When the Ephors presented legislations to the Ekklesia, the assembly had the right to vote on laws; and they could ratify treaties. The Ekklesia is also responsible for the elections of the Gerousia and Ephors, and deciding which king would go to war with the Army. Although it’s disputed, it was said from c. 700 BC onwards that the Ekklesia had the right to declare war on enemies. When the families of royal lineage disputed over the next monarch, it was the Ekklesia who would ultimately choose who would take the throne. Most disputes originated on the laws of succession, as a male son could not take the throne should he be born prior to his father succeeding the throne. Should that situation arise, it would be passed on to the next male heir. Other succession disputes originate from the lack of male heirs, in which case the throne would be passed on to the nephews of the late king. The Ekklesia was also responsible for the freeing of Helots, should they have done something extremely courageous on the battle front, to earn their freedom. The Ekklesia had many limitations to their power, as they could not offer amendments to any of the presented legislations. Their democratic votes for laws could be ignored by the higher levels of government (Ephors or Gerousia) or be contradicted by Rider to the Rhetra which was introduced by previous kings, Polydorus and Theopompous. Although the Ekklesia was one of the largest bodies of government in Sparta, it very limited in the influences it could make on Spartan society. Spartan government was a complex set of layers, which had many limitations to the amount of power each layer had. How to cite How Was Sparta Governed, Papers

Defining Art Essay Example For Students

Defining Art Essay Can Art be defined? An artist can create anything and put their mark on it and deem it as art. I believe art to be a sculpture, painting, or any piece of creative work that brings enjoyment to the artist and an from the beholder. Art allows you to view the world through someone else’s eyes and obtain their perspective on the subject at hand. Art is everywhere around us. It is expressed in many forms and fashions. From railroad car graffiti, a formal piece in a museum, a one of a kind piece of jewelry or designer fashion clothing, it is all forms of art. Art can bring out an array of feelings in people. Some pieces of art depict happiness or focus on beauty, which would in turn bring out joyous feelings. Art can also display images or subject lines that are not as pleasant to entertain at times which can allow us to be compelled to a feeling of sadness. Art can be a therapeutic way to deal with emotions. Autistic children and people dealing with tragedies can often express themselves and deal with emotions through art. I really enjoy painting old furniture and giving it a new look, a new life. It tends to remind me that all things in life can be restored and made beautiful again with some work and determination. No matter what the circumstances or situation it can always be made into something beautiful. Art seems to always tell a story even though words are never spoken. My concept of art is paintings, sculptures, drawings, or anything that is created or transformed at the hands of the artist. I personally tend to enjoy paintings that are of landscapes and nature. I always seem to navigate to the paintings, especially oil, that remind me of times during my childhood. Paintings of a countryside with a barn and rolling hills or a grandfather fishing with a child on the banks of a pond, takes me back to a â€Å"happy place† in my life. I truly then feel like I am understanding what the artist is meaning to depict. Marsh Farm by Darko Topalski is a simple but impressive painting to me as it reminds me of a farmhouse that used to sit on a hill across the field from my childhood home. I find colors to be influential in bringing out emotions when observing a piece of art. I enjoy art that has warm, muted colors as a feel that give that feeling of serenity. I think paintings with warm or vibrant colors tend to depict a much happier and content scene. The content is much more important to me than the formal qualities. Once again, I like the feeling of being able to connect with the artist and feel like he actually painted the picture looking through my eyes. I think for some people the formal qualities would be more important. That’s the beauty of art, everyone has their own perception of the same piece. Art in my opinion is anything that we view and receive enjoyment. It also compels us to appreciate the talent of the artist. Art brings out emotions as we interpret the story and statement the artist is trying to convey.

Honda Element free essay sample

Study about â€Å"The Honda Element† Comment on the factors leading to success of the Element include Honda’s platform strategy as well as any other aspects oft he new product progress that you feel relevant. The Element—a cost-efficient, new light truck from Honda—is conceived for the target Generation Y. This generation is a really lucrative market, almost as large as the â€Å"baby boom† generation. In this way, Honda used demographic segmentation to identify a segment with very high potential. According to market survey, the Honda cars are basically driven by young women and families, but not so much by young men. The main idea of the product team was to develop an affordable, new design that target users would like to drive. To do this, it is important to understand the core values and beliefs of the target audience. Researchers with camcorders analyzed a clear picture of young males in the target market. We will write a custom essay sample on Honda Element or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They seemed to have a strong cohort identification, support of social and environmental causes, were well educated, and seemed to be less career-driven than older generations. These results helped the Honda Team to create a car that fits perfectly for this target. The important aspects included the need for room for sports equipment, as well as a place to sleep on weekend trips, and so on. These were important for the buying decision of young people in the target audience. Accordingly, the Element truck is positioned for the single individual with an unconventional lifestyle. For this target there are four unique and important design themes: adaptability/modularity, authenticity, functionality, attitude/expression. These differ from the three corporate guidelines from Honda: performance, safety, and value.. During the creating progress several things happened simultaneously. During the process, team members visited male students to get their feedback and make little â€Å"quick-turn† improvements. For the best management support, the Honda Element team invited the Honda executives together with Generation Y students for a weekend camping trip. The team wanted the managers to feel like they lived a life of a target user. This simple strategy worked out ell, and the Honda Element was approved by the Honda management team. The development of new car products is usually separated into several subsystems. In the case of the Element, these were exterior, interior, suspension and power train, which all had their own design strategy. The Element started to be delivered to dealerships in summer 2003. The brand’s name â€Å"Element† was the favorite in research studies with the targe t audience. According to the Generation Y target, the advertising wasn’t traditional. Honda created interest in auto enthusiastic groups, at auto shows, and at colleges. They also sponsored surf events and tailgate parties at universities. In conclusion the Element reached 75,000 sales in 2004, which was clearly above the forecast. The typical Element buyer was across all age groups, mostly male and has a more active lifestyle than typical Civic buyers. Try also to work out what the product innovation charter PIC might have been for the Element. As the background, the Element by Honda should be a cost-efficient, light truck, especially for males of the Generation Y. It is positioned for the single individual with an unconventional lifestyle. The typical Honda guidelines are performance, safety and value. In case of this new developed car, the guidelines were added to with adaptability/modularity, authenticity, functionality, attitude/expression. According to the target audience the marketing plan wasn’t traditional. They made auto shows or sponsored surf events and college parties. The goal of the planning team was to create an easy not to complex created, new car, that doesn’t cost more than 20,000$, with around 50,000 sales in the first year. Surprisingly they reached 75,000 sales in 2004. What tangible benefits results from bringing in the voice oft he customer? By introducing the reviews from college students during the production, fundamental changes could be made. This ensured that the product also meets the expectations of the client. During the brainstorming in the early stage of development, the target audience opinion was very important. The Element should be a target group oriented car that made the collaboration very important. The constant balance of interests made it possible to generate the right car, leading to higher sales and profit. What could be learned from this case for firms in industries other automobile manufacture? The most important fact we learned about this case is that you have to work together with the target audience you wish to have for your product. You should look after their special needs and wishes to create the product they are looking for. In this way you can ensure greater benefits and sales.

Building Management Systems Essay Example

Building Management Systems Essay Example Building Management Systems Essay Building Management Systems Essay Essay Topic: To Build a Fire A BMS consists of software and hardware; the software program, usually configured in a hierarchical manner, can be proprietary, using such protocols as C-bus, Profibus, and so on. Vendors are also producing BMSs that integrate using Internet protocols and open standards such as DeviceNet, SOAP, XML, BACnet and Modbus. A BMS is most common in a large building. Its core function is to manage the environment within the building and may control temperature, carbon dioxide levels and humidity within a building. As a core function in most BMS systems, it controls heating and cooling, manages the systems that distribute this air throughout the building (for example by operating fans or opening/closing dampers), and then locally controls the mixture of heating and cooling to achieve the desired room temperature. A secondary function sometimes is to monitor the level of human-generated CO2, mixing in outside air with waste air to increase the amount of oxygen while also minimising heat/cooling losses. Systems linked to a BMS typically represent 40% of a buildings energy usage; if lighting is included, this number approaches 70%. BMS systems are a critical component to managing energy demand. Improperly configured BMS systems are believed to account for 20% of building energy usage, or approximately 8% of total energy usage in the United States. As well as controlling the buildings internal environment, BMS systems are sometimes linked to access control (turnstiles and access doors controlling who is allowed access and egress to the building) or other security systems such as closed-circuit television (CCTV) and motion detectors. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also sometimes linked to a BMS, for example, if a fire is detected then the system could shut off dampers in the ventilation system to stop smoke spreading and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them in the event of a fire. In this report it is discussed the building management system (BMS) implemented in Administration Building of Trelleborg Lanka (Pvt) Ltd. It is a distributed control system with a computerized network of electronic devices. The BMS was setup is to control, monitor and optimize building service such as Lighting, Air conditioning, Fire security, CCTV system, etc. Main objectives were as follows. ? Good control of internal comfort conditions ? Zonal control ? Increased staff productivity ? Effective monitoring and targeting of energy consumption ? Effective response to HVAC-related complaints ? Flexibility on change of building use ? Central control and monitoring of building ? Time saving ? Low operating cost ? Efficient use of building resources and services Rapid alarm indication and fault diagnosis Systems linked to the BMS represent 80% of a buildings energy usage. Fire alarm systems and elevators are also linked to the BMS, for example, if a fire is detected then the system could shut off dampers in the ventilation system to stop smoke spreading and send all the elevators to the ground floor and park them to prevent people from using them in the event of a fire. The BMS comprises: ? Power system ? Li ghting system ? Heating, Ventilation and Air-conditioning system ? Security system Fire alarm system ? Elevators etc. 2. 0 SENSOR AND ACTUATORS USED ? Temperature Transducers [pic] [pic] ? Pressure sensors [pic] [pic] ? Humidity Sensor ? Differential Pressure sensors [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ? Humidity Transducers [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic] ? Level sensors ? CO2 sensor ? Flow Meter ? CCTV Cameras ? Light sensors ? Occupancy sensors ? Water Pumps ? Valve actuators ? Fans 3. 0 DETAILS OF CONTROLLERS/DDC USED Inputs allow the controller to read temperatures, humidity, pressure, air flow, and other essential factors. The outputs allow the controller to send command and control signals to slave devices, and to other parts of the system. Inputs and outputs are digital or analog. The BMS is facilitated with a System/Network controller as this is a Supermarket/Office building. System controllers provide general purpose feedback loops, as well as digital circuits. System/Network controllers are applied to control more mechanical systems such as an Air Handler Unit (AHU), boiler, chiller, etc. Terminal Unit controller is used for control of lighting. |POINT SCHEDULE -BUILDING AUTOMATION SYSTEM (TRELLEBORG LANKA (PVT) LTD |   |   |   |   |   |   | | | | | |DIGITA|DIGITA|ANALOG |ANALOG| | | | | | |L |L |INPUT |OUTPUT| | | | | | |INPUT |OUTPUT| | | | | | | | |DI |DO |AI | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | |   |   |   |   |   |   |   | | | | | | | | | [pic] 4. 0 SOFTWARE, GUI AND COMM UNICATION PROTOCOLS USED Open protocols were used. ? DeviceNet ? XML ? simple graphical interface 5. 0 DRAWBACKS OF THE SYSTEM ? Confusion is higher about responsibility of errors and faulty point identification when things go wrong since the open protocols were used. ? More than one points of contacts for any problem with BMS. ? Software and hardware was provided by different manufactures according to the requirements indicated in the point schedule. 6. 0 DISCUSSION The BMS implemented in Administration Building of Trelleborg Lanka (Pvt) Ltd comprises above mentioned mechanical and electrical services in order to provide the facilities necessary for maintaining a comfortable working environment. Basic controls took the form of manual switching, time clocks or temperature switches that provide the on and off signals for enabling pumps, fans or valves etc. The purpose of the Building Management System (BMS) was to automate and take control of these operations in the most efficient way possible for the occupiers, within the constraints of the installed plant. The BMS is a â€Å"stand alone† computer system that calculates the pre-set requirements of the building and control the connected plant to meet those needs. Its inputs, such as temperature sensors and outputs, such as on/off signals are connected into outstations around the building. Programmes within these outstations use this information to decide the necessary level of applied control. The level of control via the BMS is dependent upon the information received from its sensors and the way in which its programmes tell it to respond to that information. As well as offering a precise degree of control to its environment, it can be made to alarm on conditions that can’t meet specification or warn of individual items of plant failure. Occupancy times for different areas are programmed into the Building Management System such that the plant is brought on and off to meet the occupier requirements. These times are often under optimum start control. This means that the chilled water pumps, AHU, etc are enabled, at a varying predetermined time, to ensure that the cooled space is at the set desired temperature for the start of the day. The Building Automation System therefore, based on the outside air temperature the space temperature and the building structure, determines the AC plant start time. Occupied, Unoccupied are the two operating modes for the building automation system. Occupancy is usually based on time of day schedules. In Occupancy mode, the BMS aims to provide a comfortable climate and adequate lighting, often with zone-based control so that users on one side of a building have a different thermostat than users on the opposite side. A temperature sensor in the zone provides feedback to the controller, so it can deliver cooling as needed. Lighting can be turned on and off with the building automation system based on time of day by occupancy sensors and timers. One typical example is to turn the lights in a space on for a half hour since the last motion was sensed. A photocell placed outside a building can sense darkness, and the time of day, and modulate lights in outer offices and the parking lot. Air handlers mix return and outside air so less temperature change is needed. This can save money by using less chilled water. Some external air is needed to keep the buildings air healthy. Analog temperature sensors have been placed in the space, the return and supply air ducts. Actuators are placed on chilled water valves, the outside air and return air dampers. The supply fan is started and stopped based on temperatures and building pressures combination. The constant volume air handling unit, are used. CAVs open and close dampers and water-supply valves to maintain temperatures in the buildings spaces. They cool the spaces by opening or closing chilled water valves that feed their internal heat exchangers. Generally one CAV serves several spaces. Chilled water is used to cool a buildings air and equipment. The chilled water system has two chillers and pumps. Analog temperature sensors measure the chilled water supply and return lines. The chillers are sequenced on and off to chill the chilled water supply. Two cooling towers and pumps are used to supply cool condenser water to the chillers. The condenser water supply to the chillers has to be constant so, speed drives are used on the cooling tower fans to control temperature. Proper cooling tower temperature assures the proper refrigerant head pressure in the chiller. Analog temperature sensors measure the condenser water supply and return lines. The building automation system has alarm capabilities. If an alarm is detected, it is programmed to notify someone. Notification is through a computer and audible alarm. Fire and smoke alarm systems are hard-wired to override building automation. The hot water system supplies heat to hot water heating coils. The hot water system has a boiler and pumps. Analog temperature sensors are placed in the hot water supply. The boiler and pumps are sequenced on and off to maintain supply. Name : A. P. W. Jayasekara(09/8660) P. G. C. Karunathilake(09/8663) W. M. A. S. Wijethunga(09/8678) T. N. Walpita(09/8676) Course : MSc in Electrical Engineering-Department of Electrical Engineering, University Of Moratuwa. Lec. By : Prof. Lanka Udawatta. Date : 2010-08-14 ASSIGNMENT Building Management System – EE5118

Compare and contrast the accumulation of engineering ethical issues Essay

Compare and contrast the accumulation of engineering ethical issues leading to the Katrina Hurricane response versus the TVA's Kingston ash spill - Essay Example ganization’s integrity by assisting individuals conform to the professional norms, avoid misdeeds and mistakes (such as nepotism and corruption) that go against public trust. Deontological ethics also ensure that the public officials within the constitutional republic are accountable to people (Adams and Balfour 4). A good example is the failure of the levees after Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans (Schwester 348). There are people who argue that the city of New Orleans should not have been located in such vulnerable environment. New Orleans is located below-sea level which is a factor that could have contributed to the vulnerability of New Orleans to Hurricane Katrina. The important factor is perhaps the New Orleans system of floodwalls and levees, which were built in the 1920s and in the 1930s. The Corps of Engineers and the levee districts did not maintain the levees and the floodwalls adequately. Furthermore, the soil structure initial assessment indicates that the system was built on substandard soil. This means that the levees could be overtopped by Category 3 storm. Multiple breaches in a number of waterways and from Lake Pontchartrain offered substantial evidence of inadequate risk assessment and failure to sufficiently protect the waterways (Adams and Balfour 8). The engineering ethical issues in regard to the Hurricane Katrina have accumulated since the construction of the floodwalls and levees during the 1920s and 1930s. Due to the economic significance of New Orleans, Morgan City, and the Baton Rouge, a system of levees was constructed in the past years to keep the river in its current bed and also to manage, or control frequent flooding. To make matters worse, flooding can result due to the Mississippi River large spring flows, and from storms blowing from the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the operators and designers of a New Orleans flood control system are faced with sophisticated design conditions (Christian 6). In the early 20th century, pumping

Antimatter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Antimatter - Essay Example For the electron, for instance, there should be an "antielectron" identical in every way but with a positive electric charge. In his Nobel Lecture, Dirac speculated on the existence of a completely new Universe made out of antimatter! (The History of antimatter, 2001) In 1932 Carl Anderson, a young professor at the California Institute of Technology, while studying showers of cosmic particles in a cloud chamber discovered antielectron, He called the antielectron a "positron", for its positive charge. After almost 25 years in the year 1955, antiprotons were discovered followed by antineutrons in 1959. In 1965, a unique machine at CERN (Conseil Europen pour la Recherche Nuclaire), a European organization for nuclear research called Low Energy Antiproton Ring (LEAR) was used to successfully produce antihydrogen atom, which is a real a real antimatter atom. The idea behind this is to trap these antihydrogen atoms by first slowing them down and then carry out accurate comparisons of properties of hydrogen and antihydrogen particles. "Matter and antimatter are perfect opposites. So perfect, in fact, that when the meet they annihilate leaving behind a flash of pure energy. Nothing else remains; antimatter annihilation is the ultimate clean source of energy. It is the perfect conversion of mass (m) into energy (E) according to Einstein's famous prescription E= mc2, where c is the speed of light. The problem is, however, that antimatter cannot simply be harvested or mined. It has to be made, and making it requires vastly more energy than annihilating it produces. All the antimatter produced at CERN in a year would provide barely enough energy to power a light bulb for a few seconds." (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter Applications Antimatter may be the stuff of science fiction but at laboratories like CERN it is a commonplace tool for research. In hospitals and industry too, antimatter is in everyday use for diagnosis. Positron Emission Tomography, PET, for example relies on antimatter. It works by attaching radioactive atoms that emit positrons - anti-electrons - to biological tracer molecules that find their way to specific areas of the body. When the radioactive atoms decay the positrons they emit immediately annihilate with electrons and the resulting flash of energy appears in the form of two gamma-rays of equal energy. These escape from the body back-to-back and are detected, allowing doctors to follow what happens to the biological tracer molecules and thus learn valuable information about the workings of the body. (Antimatter Decelerator, 2008). Negative and Positive sides of Antimatter The 1980s US Strategic Defense Initiative program (better known as 'Star Wars') included several projects which looked at the possibility of using antimatter as rocket fuel or to drive space-borne weapons platforms. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter, converting all its mass into energy, is the ultimate fuel. However first the antimatter would have to be manufactured - there is no 'mine' of antimatter. (Gordon Fraser) Antimatter is difficult to produce - all the antiprotons produced at CERN during one year would supply enough energy to light a 100 watt electric bulb for three seconds! (Gordon

Features Of Controlling Function Business Essay

Features Of Controlling Function Business Essay Management is a a universal phenomenon which mean a concept understood by everyone. Management enables to use the available resources efficiently it is purposive activity which have a purpose or a reason behind each and every function . In an effective management goals are pre-determined ,which means the goals which should be achieved by the organization is finalized earlier by the top level management Management is important for a business for the following reasons: To maintain the internal environment of the company. To get the work done effectively and efficiently Basic administration things which are equal to each employee. Eg :check in/check out time, application for leave. Equity equal treatment in the management . should be treated equally regardless of gender, religion etc. Espirit de corps enjoy the working environment. Nature of management is a serial process which means interaction with the staffs or colleagues Every day we have to interact or speak with the people we work with.natureof management enables to provide information from one person another, vertically or horizontally . Vertical communication takes place when information is transferred from top level management to the lover level staffs or from the lower level staffs to the top level management Horizontal communication takes places when an information is transferred with in the same level employees. For an example if a supervisor transfers an information to another supervisor, then it is known as horizontal communication. This also known as decisional activity .it involves continuous decision making to handle the issue and the problem arised in the company. In order to implement action decision needs to be taken first. This also known as interpersonal activity. Management contain of for function they are: Planning Organizing Leading and directing Controlling Planning The flowing is the process of the planning. Classifying the problem identifying the main task to be done. Establishment of objective. Establishment of planning premises, these are the assumptions made to solve the problem. Choice of alternative, if a plan fails can switch to the alternative plan. Formulation of derivative plans, no need of changing the whole only some parts could be adjusted. Arranging timing and sequence of the operations. Secures Co-Operation: Secures Relationship between the works and top level managements. Follow -Up/appraisal of plan_ This means Others are allowed give feedback regarding the plan. Planning enable stable running of the company and future development and success of the company (prosperity). This also enables innovation Creativity of new Ideas and can achieve better co-ordination from the employees. Organizing : Organizing means putting the right things in the right place and right person in the right place to get the work done properly. Organizing is the first step of implementation. Its because we are physically grouping and dividing the work force. Function of organizing: Act as a frame work within which people can work together effectively. There are actually three areas if objectives or aims. First is the Organizational objective Planning emphasized in the whole thing. Departmental objective- Different departments will have different objectives. Individual objectives each and every employee will have his/her own objective of completing the task given. Finally all the objectives facilitated by the different departments enable to gain the organizational objectives. Organization is important for a company for the following rescores. Allows optimum we of rescores- Using the maximum rescores which is actually needed, Without wasting the resource or using it less Clarifies authority to perform managerial functions. Managerial function means decision making and giving orders and instruction to the sub ordinates and scalar chain refer to the way people are arranged in an organization. Facilitates growth and diversification of business easily. It enables to know how much of the resources would be needed. Leading and directing This refers to giving instructions and guidelines to achieve a pre determined goal. Leading and directing is an important managerial function. Leading and directing helps the organization in the following ways. Building an effective working climate. Creating opportunity for motivation. Supervising to make sure employees are behaving well. Scheduling, tasks given to each employee are finished on a given time. Disciplining, code of conduct/formal relationship Directing is said to be the heart of management process. directing is important to make sure that planes are working. Some characteristics of directing are as follows Pervasive function Required of all level of organization Every manager provides guidelines and inspiration to his sub ordinates however, there should be someone to direct even the supervisors just like the subordinates Continuous activity Direction is a continuous activity as it continues through out the life of the organization Directing is needed till you achieve the goal. Creative activity Directing helps to convert plane in to performance planes(written words ) are implemented (Physically) this means words are converted into physical action during the process of directing . without this function people become inactive and resources are meaningless Controlling Checking current performance and standard performance -goals are met and performance are satisfactory. Controlling is a continuous process which enables to find out how the employees perform. This is also used to make sure the top level management is also doing their job properly . Establishment of standards Measurement of performance The working environment of the work place should be good Communicating with the higher level management Extend of deviation Taking corrective actions Features of Controlling Function Following are the characteristics of controlling function of management- Controlling is an end function-   A function which comes once the performances are made in conformities with plans. Controlling is a pervasive function-   which means it is performed by managers at all levels and in all type of concerns. Controlling is forward looking because effective control is not possible without past being controlled. Controlling always look to future so that follow-up can be made whenever required. Controlling is a dynamic process   since controlling requires taking reviewal methods, changes have to be made wherever possible. Controlling is related with planning   Planning and Controlling are two inseperable functions of management. Without planning, controlling is a controlling succeeds planning. Q4) Planning process Contains of the following points: Classifying the problem- identifying and defining the problem Establishment of objectives- what do you want to achieve/creating aims Establishment of planning premises- assumptions/plans could be changed. Choice of alternative course of action- change into an alternative plan. Formulation of derivation plan- no need of changing the whole plan, only some parts of the plan could be changed. Arranging timing and sequence of operations Securing cooperations- securing the relationships between the workers and top level management. Follow up / Appraisal of plan- allow others to give feedback. Stability-stable running of the company. (controlled by the management). Prosperity-future development and success. Innovation and creativity- new ideas Better co ordination Ensures commitment-giving your 100% Acts as an aid to business system. Q5) management is getting things done by organizing things. Warren Bannis said Managers do things right, leader do the right things. Peter Ducker said , Management is doing thing right, leadership is doing the right things. Management- making the most efficient use of human, physical and financial resources to achieve given objectives, involving and planning, monitoring, coordinating and reviewing activities. Ian Smith, MD, Oracle Management is a science which can be taught while leadership cannot and leadership is more vital in modern business. Role of management Setting objectives and planning Organizing resources to achieve objectives Communicating to and motivating staff Coordinating activities Measuring and controlling performance Leadership influencing others to achieving desired aims and objectives; leaders set the agenda that managers follow. Leadership depends on three things viz. individual, follower,condition. Leadership decides on the direction of the company as per objectives and inspiring the staff to achieve them. Leadership is an important quality of a successful manager. Employees want good leaders and will respond positively to their direction. Some people believe that leaders are born while others believe that leadership can be developed through training. Good leaders shall have the following characteristics Natural confidence and desire to succeed Ability to think creatively and encourage others to do so. Talented in multiple disciplines and handle such discussions Skill to identify the key issue and isolate other issues Q6) According to Herzberg, in order o increase employee satisfaction level, there are two important factors which needs to be present. They are motivation factors and hygiene factors Hygiene factors Factors that needs to be present as an initial motivator for employees to achieve objectives. Motivation factor Factors that can be implemented or used to increase employee motivation level. these are the factors that can be practiced by the organization. Motivation individuals Facilitates goal achievement Gets job satisfaction Self-development; always want to prove yourself Creates a dynamic team Motivation business creates empowered teams to; whatever the work is, employees are willing to complete the task. Input given by each employee is increased With high motivation high challenges better performance level.

A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature Essay

In Rabelais and His World, the formalist critic Mikhail Bakhtin makes the one reference to Canada that appears in the body of his work. Discussing the French humanist’s comic rendering of Pantagruel’s northwesterly journey to the icy underworld, he points to the various levels of correspondence between Rabelais’s text (itself a parodic reworking of Dante’s Divine Comedy) and Jacques Cartier’s journal account of his 1540 voyage to Canada. It was Cartier’s colonial venture, Bakhtin suggests, that had a particularly complex and important effect on the European imagining of otro mundo: the new world (397-400). For Bakhtin, this effect was felt most tellingly on what might be best described as the implications of the Word in the Old World imagination, for it was Cartier’s discovery of the New World that prompted an essential reconsideration of the intellectual and imaginative structures that had until this point guaranteed the Old World a confidence in its linguistic centrality and a certainty in its imaginative enterprise. So radical were the restructurings necessitated by this new information that throughout the earliest explorations of the New World whole editions of journals and maps were destroyed or bought up and hidden â€Å"because they were thought to disseminate the wrong kind of information† (Huggan, 7) or, in the more abstract sense, to speak the wrong language, spread the wrong Word. But as journeys and journals accumulated, so, too, did the notions of Canada as a problematic new land and new language, as a site at which Old World and traditionally worded certainties were confronted by an openness of place that refused to be fixed, refused to accommodate its particularities and paradoxes to the tropes or metaphors privileged by familiar verbal codes. Every journey across this new land became another imaginative â€Å"mapping† of what were at once the knowable and the radically unknowable realities of the place a number of the earliest cartographers had labeled, somewhat ominously, terra incognita: the unknown land. Such mappings were â€Å"not a luxury,† as Margaret Atwood has observed, â€Å"but a necessity,† for without the sense of certainty they provided, these early Canadians would â€Å"not survive† (Atwood, 18-9). Atwood’s observations were not in themselves particularly revolutionary but were building on echoes of such notable antecedents as Northrop Frye, who saw in this confrontation both the source of our deep terror regarding the imminence of Canadian geography and of our national myths and mythic patterns (626), and Desmond Pacey, who defined â€Å"the Canadian imagination† as â€Å"mainly a function of† a collision between an imagination grounded fixedly in Old World language and a geography â€Å"so various† and â€Å"inescapably impressive †¦ that in itself it offers an inexhaustible challenge† (437-44). More recently, W. H. New has invited a full rethinking of the most basic terms of this challenge, suggesting that from Cartier’s earliest contact the word â€Å"land† has to be seen as a particularly complex discursive terrain, â€Å"a ground of contestation† upon which â€Å"an ongoing history of [our] relations with place and space† plays out. As New suggests, Canada in this sense becomes a semiotic site at which â€Å"Fixity vies recurrently with fluidity, position with positionality, the place of social residence with the condition of being there. † For Sheila Watson, the condition of â€Å"being† in the her The Double Hook (1959) is very much a process of doubling back on the assumptions and Words that have traditionally been part of the foundation of Old World thought and action. Faced with an â€Å"inexhuastible challenge† to survive, Waton’s characters open the novel trapped in silence, the doubling back of the â€Å"spoken† into the lethal pits-and-snares of the â€Å"unspoken† or, worse still, into the morass of the â€Å"never said. † And is it is in this doubling back of language that Watson’s characters find themselves hooked not once (on the self-glorifications of protective silence) but twice, by the fear in which silence finds its most solid footing. The Double Hook opens with an act of matricide, an act that is itself a doubling back to (re)collect both classic (the story of Orestes, for instance) and biblical (1 Timothy) allusions for use in this new land. It is the most profoundly un-natural doubling, as son erases his own origin, his own naming, his own source. At the same time, it is an act that resonates deeply through a family that lives â€Å"suspended in silence† and that includes among its various acts of violence the suicide of Greta, who remains dumb despite her impulse to use â€Å"her voice to shatter all memory of the girl who had stayed too long† (32) and the blinding of Kip, a young boy who attempts to speak of and against the repressiveness shaping his valley home. But as Watson reveals, this Canadian place is a one in which any move to double away from the exhaustive struggle to find language is often a fatal slide. As the character known only as the Widow’s boy shouts in response to the violence erupting in the silences around him: Can a man speak to no one because he’s a man? Who says so?†¦ I’ve held my tongue†¦ when I should have used my voice like an axe to cut down the wall between us† (116). The boy’s emphasis here is crucial, for what Watson demands to here in her Canadian place is not the language of another or the displacing silence of the fearful but a radical and potent questioning of the potentialities of a language that can articulate the freedoms that Cartier and others had (en)visioned for this place. As Barbara Godard explains, Watson remains â€Å"[s]ensitive always to the thinness and inarticulateness of modern language† (153) and is always in search of ways â€Å"to disturb the reader’s conventional consciousness of words and their so-called corresponding realities† (153). Watson’s warning, and her practice in The Double Hook, is for the need to interrogate language in the modern world, to bring language back doubled onto itself as a act of demythologizing and dismantling; Watson’s novel proposes in its own writing an understanding of language and reality that finds its most profound articulation in the doubling onto itself of language itself. In this doubling back of language upon itself, another act of murdering one’s origins, â€Å"Watson signals her departure from realistic verisimilitude† (154) and from the strictures that bound, not freed, Cartier and subsequent explorers, to the language of their realities and their worlds. â€Å"In the fold of the hills / under Coyote’s eye† (11) language begins to redouble its energies, unfold its potentials to mean beyond the literal into the circular encounterings of allusion and echo and irony. When James flees his ranch on horseback following the murder of his own mother, he becomes, briefly, a perverted image of the classic Western hero riding off into the sunset and silence of the horizon. But as he soon recognizes, his is not a semiotic site located in that system; in his place, in his language, â€Å"a person only escapes in circles no matter how far the rope spins. † In other words (in new words), he must double back and begin to fill the silence, to dismantle the double back language (silence) that has reified around the edges of his folded valley. In his doubling back, he must meet again with Felix, a character whose own languages — the vernacular of the valley, the ritualized formality of religion, the silken transcendence of music — has itself been emptied of meaning, reduced to cliche: He wondered: If a bitch crept in by my stove would I let her fall on the hot iron of it? I’ve got no words to clear a woman off my bench. No words except: Keep moving, scatter, get-the-hell-out. His mind sifted ritual phrases. Some half forgotten. You’re welcome. Put your horse in. Pull up. Ave Maria. Benedictus fructus ventris. Introibo. Introibo. The beginning. The whole thing to live again. Words said over and over here by the stove. His father knowing them by heart. God’s servants. The priest’s servants. The cup lifting. The bread breaking. Domine non sum dignus. Words coming. The last words. (41) Doubling back into his own languages through words â€Å"ritualized† and words â€Å"said over and over,† Felix lives, in this moment, trapped like James, forever in the ellipses of the â€Å"half forgotten† and in the promise, always frustrated, of â€Å"[w]ords coming. † In the end, though, it is Felix, with the assistance of Kip, who brings the novel back from the creases of its own doubling, back to the glory of language made meaningful with its own resonant doubleness, allowing it to be both glory and fear, articulation and reflection, the said and the unsaid. It is Felix, who steps to the side of Angel in the moment of her deliverance to assist in the miracle, and who, even the new mother admits, â€Å"didn’t do bad for a man†¦ Especially for a man who never raised a hand to help one of his own mares in foal† (116). Fishing with Kip in the now meaningful silence that follows the birth, there is a conversation between the two generations of valley men during which the older man’s sense of responsibility and wonder serves as a corrective to the younger one’s suspicion and fear: When a house of full of women, Kip said, and one of them Angel, it’s best for a man to take his rest among the willows. When a house is full of women and children, Felix said, a man has to get something for their mouths. (117) Caught again in a silence, Kip pauses to reflect on Felix’s refocusing of the valley, his doubling of the â€Å"reality† of the presence in the house (â€Å"and children†) that effectively reinscribes community over isolation, family over individual. When Kip speaks again, it is to accept his role in the â€Å"branding† that had scarred his face: â€Å"I keep thinking about James, Kip said. I kept at him like a dog till he beat around the way a porcupine beats with his tail† (117). Pausing momentarily before he answers, Felix slips past the ritual responses, the formulaic platitudes that have defined him in the past. Rather than parable or vulgar dismissal, he engages the younger man with a reflection upon James’s burden and, more importantly, a question that at once engages Kip but also looks to his future in the valley: â€Å"Jame’s got more than a porcupine has to answer for, he said. How’re you going to pick up a living now? † To pick up living in the valley is, as Angel makes clear when she names her new baby Felix, is through the model of the older man, who passes on the will to speak and the will to be heard to a valley. Moving beyond language into love, and through love back to harmony and rebirth, Felix reimagines the silence of the valley, shaping its contours with words and allowing the connecting moments of quiet to reverberate with meaning, to double back into the words of the father-figure in order to find a path to the future. Works Cited Atwood, Margaret. Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature. Toronto: Anansi, 1972. Frye, Northrop. Literary History of Canada. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1965. Godard, Barbara. â€Å"’Between One Cliche and Another’: Language in The Double Hook. † Studies in Canadian Literature 3 (1978): 149-65. Huggan, Graham. Territorial Disputes: Maps and Mapping Strategies in Contemporary Canadian and Australian Fiction. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1994. New, W. H. Land Sliding: Imagining Space, Presence, and Power in Canadian Writing. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1997. Pacey, Desmond. â€Å"The Canadian Imagination. † The Literary Review 8 (1965): 437-44. Watson, Sheila. The Double Hook. 1959. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart, 1989.

Protest Poetry

Protest songs make serious comment on the issues of their time. Discuss with detailed reference to the issues and techniques in two songs studied in class and one of your own choosing. Protest songs are the product of their times. Composers utilise the medium to make meaningful comment on the issues of their era in an attempt to influence viewpoints and bring back change. ‘Dear Mr President’ by Pink criticises the presidency of George w bush and the issues he raised with his decisions. These issues were homosexual rights/ marriage, homelessness, poverty, war/ us. oles, women’s rights and the justice system. â€Å"Sunday bloody Sunday’ by U2 criticizes the unnecessary bloodshed that occurred as a result of the violence connected with the Irish troubles on Jan 30, 1972. ‘skyscraper’ by Demi Lovado criticizes the issues of bullying, body image, and self mutilation in today’s society. These songs all express opinions about issues of relevan ce to their societies for the future. These songs all express opinions about relevance to their societies, ultimately in an attempt to enforce a positive change to the world. In 2007 Pink released the song Dear Mr.President. The song is a direct criticism of President George W. Bush and the policies of his administration. Pink addresses the major concerns of most Americans. The most evident of these concerns are homosexual rights/ marriage, homelessness, women’s rights, war/US roles, poverty and the justice system. The song begins with â€Å"Come take a walk with me. Let’s pretend we’re just two people and you’re not better than me. † By stating this as an invitation Pink is directly asking the President to listen to her opinions utilising imperative verbs and a gentle tone.Pink is stating that she will be truthful and not sugar coat her opinions. She will tell him the truth about what everyone is thinking but no one is willing to tell him directly . metaphor is utilised to portray the ideas Pink has. The complete second and third stanzas are rhetorical questions addressing the issues the President has caused. The rhetorical questions are using emotive language to appeal to the listeners’ heart. The rhetorical questions are also using direct address to the President to show perspective of the issues and showing them so they relate to him.At the end of the third stanza when Pink asks â€Å"How do you walk with your head held high? Can you even look me in the eye and tell me why? † she uses negative connotations to show the pride or lack of pride he holds. The complete fifth stanza is using personal address by using examples of his own family and putting them in the places of the people affected by his choices, and rhetorical questions. â€Å"What kind of father would take his own daughter’s rights away? And what kind of father might hate is own daughter if she were gay? The rhetorical questions are address ing Bush’s personal life and relationship with his daughter by putting a negative aspect onto it by saying he would hate her if she were gay. The effect of this is to show how unfair the President is being to people and how he should change his ways. This song makes serious comment on the issues of the President’s actions and decisions. Sunday bloody Sunday focuses on the ongoing issues of conflict between protestants and the Catholics in northern island, which culminated in the loss of lives on a day known as bloody Sunday.The composer highlights the futility of the ongoing troubles and makes a call for change. A metaphor is utilised in the rhetorical question’ how ling must we sing this song? ’ to draw attention to the long period of time these troubles have been occurring. Direct address is employed in ‘we can be as one tonight’ in order to persuade people to put an end to the violence. Alliteration paired with evocative imagery reinforces the emotive impact of the message. ‘broken bottles under children’s feet/ bodies strewn across the dead end street. This is further demonstrated through a metaphor â€Å"the trench is dug within our hearts†, conveying the impact this is having on people’s emotions. The word choice ‘trench’ links the audience’s minds to war. The composer sends a powerful message by using a biblical allusion â€Å"the real battle has just begun/ to claim the victory Jesus won. † Calling on Christians to unite with a common purpose rather than engage in fighting. The issue of religious conflict is clearly an important one that holds relevance for contemporary society. In 2011 Demi Lovado released the song Skyscraper.Skyscraper focuses on the ongoing issue of bullying, self hate, and body image. The composer highlights the futility of the ongoing troubles and makes a call for change. The song begins with â€Å"Skies are crying, I am watching†¦ catching teardrops in my hands. Only silence has its ending like we never had a chance. Do you have to make me feel like there’s nothing left of me? † The tone of this is a soft, sad/ lonely whisper to show how vulnerable the composer is feeling, but slowly leads up to a louder stronger tone. Personification is employed which gives the effect of showing how she eels by using a large mass of to show the emotion the composer is feeling. A rhetorical question is used to show how she is feeling as though everything has been taken from her, making her feel worthless. In the chorus the metaphor â€Å"You can take everything I have, you can break everything I am† is used to show that things are changing for her but she is getting better and stronger to not care as much about the issues. â€Å"Like I’m made of glass, like I’m made of paper† uses repetition to portray the effect of feeling weak but knowing you’re much stronger.This is shown be cause the substances referred to are paper and glass which are very weak and easy to break. In the third stanza emotive language is used. â€Å"Would it make you feel better to watch me while I bleed? † This is relating to her issues of self harm and how it would make people feel to watch her do it. The emotive language reference is said in an angry tone with high volume. This is to show how fed up of feeling bad about herself she is. This song suggests that bullying and self image issues are clearly an important one that holds relevance for contemporary society.